For over 70 years, classical computers have transformed our world, enabling everything from space exploration to smartphones. These machines, regardless of their size or power, all operate on the same fundamental principle: processing bits of information that exist in one of two states—0 or 1. This binary approach has served us remarkably well, but we’re beginning to encounter problems so complex that classical computers would take impractical amounts of time to solve them—billions of years in some cases.